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Surat Thani Province
Surat Thani (often shortened to Surat, (タイ語:สุราษฎร์ธานี)) former name ''Chaiya Province'' is the largest of the southern provinces (''changwat'') of Thailand, on the western shore of the Gulf of Thailand. Surat Thani means "city of good people", a title given to the city by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI).
==History==
The area of Surat Thani was already inhabited in prehistoric times by Semang and Malayan tribes. Founded in the 3rd century, until the 13th century the Srivijaya kingdom dominated the Malay Peninsula. The city Chaiya contains several ruins from Srivijaya times, and was probably a regional capital of the kingdom. Some Thai historians even claim that it was the capital of the kingdom itself for some time, but this is generally disputed. Wiang Sa was another main settlement of that time.
After the fall of the Srivijaya, it was divided into the cities (''mueang'') Chaiya, Thatong (now Kanchanadit), and Khirirat Nikhom. While Chaiya was administered directly from the capital, Thatong and Khirirat were controlled by the Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom. In 1899 they were merged into one province named Chaiya. In 1915, the court of the Monthon Chumphon was moved to Bandon, which received its new name ''Surat Thani'' on 29 July 1915 during a visit of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI), and was likely influenced by the major port city of Surat in Gujarat, India. The monthon was renamed Surat accordingly. In 1926 it was abolished and incorporated into monthon Nakhon Si Thammarat. In 1933 the monthon was dissolved, so the province became the first level administrative subdivision.
The provincial administration was first located in a building in Tha Kham (Amphoe Phunphin). Shortly before World War II, it was moved to the city of Surat Thani on the banks of the Tapi River (which is named after the Tapi river in southern Gujarat, India. When the Japanese invaded Thailand on 8 December 1941, the building caught fire in the battle for the city and was destroyed. It was rebuilt in 1954, but on 19 March 1982, it was destroyed by a bomb planted by communist rebels, killing five people. The third building was erected in the south of the city. The former site of the provincial hall is now the city pillar shrine (''Lak Mueang'').
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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